COVID-19 Living Overview of Evidence repository is highly comprehensive and can be used as a single source for COVID-19 studies.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease 2019 Living OVerview of Evidence (COVID-19 L·OVE) is a public repository and classification platform for COVID-19 articles. The repository contains more than 430,000 articles as of September 20, 2021 and intends to provide a one-stop shop for COVID-19 evidence. Considering that systematic reviews conduct high-quality searches, this study assesses the comprehensiveness and currency of the repository against the total number of studies in a representative sample of COVID-19 systematic reviews. METHODS: Our sample was generated from all the studies included in the systematic reviews of COVID-19 published during April 2021. We estimated the comprehensiveness of COVID-19 L·OVE repository by determining how many of the individual studies in the sample were included in the COVID-19 L·OVE repository. We estimated the currency as the percentage of studies that was available in the COVID-19 L·OVE repository at the time the systematic reviews conducted their own search. RESULTS: We identified 83 eligible systematic reviews that included 2,132 studies. COVID-19 L·OVE had an overall comprehensiveness of 99.67% (2,125/2,132). The overall currency of the repository, that is, the proportion of articles that would have been obtained if the search of the reviews was conducted in COVID-19 L·OVE instead of searching the original sources, was 96.48% (2,057/2,132). Both the comprehensiveness and the currency were 100% for randomized trials (82/82). CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 L·OVE repository is highly comprehensive and current. Using this repository instead of traditional manual searches in multiple databases can save a great amount of work to people conducting systematic reviews and would improve the comprehensiveness and timeliness of evidence syntheses. This tool is particularly important for supporting living evidence synthesis processes.

Effects of screening strategies to detect carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to summarize the evidence on the effects of screening strategies to detect carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). METHODS: Eligible studies were randomized trials, non-randomized controlled trials, controlled before-after studies, and interrupted time series. We conducted searches in CENTRAL, PUBMED, Embase, Epistemonikos, and in multiple databases available in the Virtual Health Library (LILACS, Scielo, WHO IBECS, and PAHO IBECS). All the searches covered the period until 4 June 2021. No date or language restrictions were applied. Two reviewers independently evaluated potentially eligible studies according to predefined selection criteria, and extracted data on study characteristics, methods, outcomes, and risk of bias, using a predesigned standardized form. When possible, we intended to conduct meta-analyses using a random-effect model. We assessed the certainty of the evidence (CoE) and summarized the results using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Our search strategy yielded 57,451 references. No randomized trials were identified. Sixteen studies (one controlled before-after study and 15 interrupted time series) met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Most studies were conducted in tertiary care general hospitals from the United States, Europe, and Asia. Eleven studies included adult patients hospitalized in general wards and intensive care units, one was carried out in a neonatal intensive care unit, two in hematology or oncology units, and one in a solid organ transplantation department. Eleven studies were conducted in the setting of an outbreak. Regarding the detection strategy used, all studies included screening strategies for high-risk patients at the moment of admission and 7 studies reported a contact surveillance strategy. Most studies were conducted in settings where infection prevention and control measures were concomitantly installed or reinforced. Data were not suitable for meta-analysis, so the results were presented as a narrative synthesis. Most studies showed a decline in the prevalence of both infection and colonization rates after the implementation of a policy of active surveillance, but the CoE is low. Screening strategies may result in little to no difference in the risk of all-cause mortality and the length of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Existing evidence may favor the use of surveillance culture to carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria, but its quality is poor, so solid conclusions cannot be drawn. Well-conducted randomized trials or high-quality quasi-experimental studies are needed to improve the certainty of the existing evidence. These studies should assess the effect of the addition of screening strategies as a single intervention and measure clinically important outcomes such as infection, length of hospital stay, and mortality.

Infiltración de resina y barniz de flúor para el tratamiento de caries interproximales no cavitadas en dentición temporal / Resin infiltration plus fluoride varnish for non-cavitated proximal caries in primary dentition

RESUMEN: Introducción: Con el fin de prevenir la progresión de la caries interproximal no cavitada en dientes temporales, se ha generalizado el uso de estrategias mínimamente invasivas como la aplicación de sellantes, barniz de flúor o la resina infiltrante, ya sea combinadas o como monoterapia. Pese a lo anterior, hay incertidumbre con relación al efecto de la infiltración de resina en combinación con el barniz de flúor en dientes temporales. Métodos: Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metaanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Resultados y conclusiones: Se identificaron nueve revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron tres estudios primarios que corresponden a ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Se concluye que la infiltración de resina probablemente reduce el riesgo de la progresión de la caries interproximal no cavitada en dientes temporales. No se encontraron estudios que evaluaran los eventos adversos. Palabras claves: caries, infiltración de resina, caries interproximal, barniz de flúor, tratamiento mínimamente invasivo, Epistemonikos, GRADE.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Minimally invasive techniques are widely used in non-cavitated interproximal caries treatment in primary dentition. Sealants, fluoride varnish, or resin infiltration can be applied in conjunction or as monotherapy. There is uncertainty regarding the effect of resin infiltration in conjunction with fluoride varnish in primary dentition. Methods: We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. Results and conclusions: We identified 9 systematic reviews including three studies overall, of which all were randomized trials. We conclude that resin infiltration plus fluoride varnish probably decreases the risk of progression of non-cavitated interproximal caries in primary dentition. No studies were found that looked at adverse effects.

Distonía de la embocadura: revisión narrativa de la literatura / Embouchure dystonia: narrative literature review

RESUMEN La ejecución excesiva de instrumentos de viento puede ser un factor causal para el desarrollo de distonía de la embocadura, caracterizada clínicamente por la aparición de contracciones musculares involuntarias, asociadas con la pérdida del control motor. Es importante que los profesionales y especialistas tengan el conocimiento necesario al momento de diagnosticar y tratar a la población que puede presentar este trastorno. El objetivo de esta revisión es examinar la literatura científica disponible en cuanto a la historia, epidemiología, fisiopatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la distonía de la embocadura en intérpretes de instrumentos de viento, con el fin de brindar herramientas para la prevención, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de los músicos potencialmente susceptibles de desarrollar este trastorno.

SUMMARY Excessive practice of musical wind instruments may be a causal factor for the development of embouchure dystonia, clinically characterized by the appearance of involuntary muscle contractions associated with loss of motor control while interpreting a wind instrument. It is important for health professionals to have the necessary knowledge when diagnosing and treating musicians that are at risk or already have this disorder. The purpose of this review is to examine the scientific literature on the history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of embouchure dystonia in wind instrument interpreters, in order to provide the clinician tools for prevention, diagnosis and treatment in musicians who are susceptible for the development of this disorder.